Time, timing, and conflicting temporalities in experimental urban mobility governance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.7221Keywords:
transport, urban governance, sustainability, experimentation, transitionAbstract
In this article, I explore the role of experiments in urban mobility governance. I ask to what extent they are responses to the challenges of coexisting timeframes and temporalities and what challenges the latter pose for experiments. My analysis is based on field visits and interviews with urban administrations and public transport providers in Copenhagen, Lisbon, and Madrid. My results show that urban administrations use experimentation as a form of reflexive, transformative governance. Public transport providers use experiments to navigate tensions between rapid regulatory changes and technological innovation and their long-lived infrastructure. Both actor groups stressed the importance of disruptions as natural experiments. Urban administrations used disruptions for experimentation to fast-track approved but difficult-to-implement projects. The temporary nature of experiments can pose a risk: It makes them vulnerable to political attacks. To mitigate backlash, good timing is critical.
References
Bissel, Michael (2023): A public transport ticket that moved a country. Assessing the value of the German 9‑Euro-ticket as a socio-technical experiment. In: Findings. https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.84645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.84645
Bornemann, Basil; Strassheim, Holger (2019): Governing time for sustainability. Analyzing the temporal implications of sustainability governance. In: Sustainability Science 14 (4), pp. 1001–1013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00683-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00683-y
Charmaz, Kathy (2006): Constructing grounded theory. London: Sage.
Eneqvist, Erica; Algehed, Jessica; Jensen, Christian; Karvonen, Andrew (2022): Legitimacy in municipal experimental governance. Questioning the public good in urban innovation practices. In: European Planning Studies 30 (8), pp. 1596–1614. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2021.2015749 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2021.2015749
EC – European Commission (2019): Air quality. Commission refers Bulgaria and Spain to the court for failing to protect citizens from poor air quality. Brussels: European Commission.
EU – European Union (2020): LISBON – European Green Capital 2020. Luxemburg: Publication Office of the European Union.
Hodson, Mike; Evans, James; Schliwa, Gabriele (2018): Conditioning experimentation. The struggle for place-based discretion in shaping urban infrastructures. In: Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36 (8), pp. 1480–1498. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654418765480 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654418765480
Kivimaa, Paula; Rogge, Karoline (2022): Interplay of policy experimentation and institutional change in sustainability transitions. The case of mobility as a service in Finland. In: Research Policy 51 (1), p. 104412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104412
Københavns Kommune (2021): Mobilitetsredegørelse 2021. Copenhagen: Københavns Kommune.
Kronsell, Annica; Mukhtar-Landgren, Dalia (2018): Experimental governance. The role of municipalities in urban living labs. In: European Planning Studies 26 (5), pp. 988–1007. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1435631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1435631
Marsden, Greg; Docherty, Iain (2013): Insights on disruptions as opportunities for transport policy change. In: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 51, pp. 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2013.03.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2013.03.004
Matschoss, Kaisa; Repo, Petteri (2018): Governance experiments in climate action. Empirical findings from the 28 European Union countries. In: Environmental Politics 27 (4), pp. 598–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2018.1443743 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2018.1443743
McGuirk, Pauline; Dowling, Robyn; Maalsen, Sophia; Baker, Tom (2021): Urban governance innovation and COVID-19. In: Geographical Research 59 (2), pp. 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12456 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12456
Meinherz, Franziska; Mögele, Michael; Nitschke, Luca; Marquardt, Editha; von Schneidemesser, Dirk (2023): Die experimentelle Stadt. Ent- oder (Re)politisierung städtischer Transformationen? In: Paula-Irene Villa (ed.): Polarisierte Welten. Verhandlungen des 41. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie 2022. Essen: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie e.V., pp. 1-13. Available online at https://publikationen.soziologie.de/index.php/kongressband_2022/article/view/1629, last accessed on 27.05.2025.
Meinherz, Franziska; Fritz, Livia (2024): “The crisis justified the urgency, but now we have to go back to the rule of law”. Urban mobility governance during Covid-19. In: Environmental Politics 33 (3), pp. 508–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2023.2242741 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2023.2242741
Meinherz, Franziska; Wentland, Alexander (2024): Urban mobility policy in pandemic times. An exploration of how Covid-19 affected policy framings and priorities in eight European cities. In: Soziologie und Nachhaltigkeit, Sonderband 3, pp. 9–29. https://doi.org/10.17879/sun-2024-5270
Mukhtar-Landgren, Dalia (2021): Local autonomy in temporary organizations. The case of smart city pilots. In: Administration & Society 53 (10), pp. 1485–1511. https://doi.org/10.1177/00953997211009884 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00953997211009884
Patterson, James; Wyborn, Carina; Westman, Linda; Brisbois, Marie; Milkoreit, Manjana; Jayaram, Dhanasree (2021): The political effects of emergency frames in sustainability. In: Nature Sustainability 4 (10), pp. 841–850. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00749-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00749-9
Scheer, Dirk et al. (2025): No easy way out. Towards a framework concept of long-term governance. In: Energy, Sustainability and Society 15 (1), p. 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-025-00513-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-025-00513-3
Servou, Eriketti; Mögele, Michael; Torrens, Jonas (2022): Experimenting with automated driving for technology or for the city? A matter of governance cultures. In: Frontiers in Sustainable Cities 4, p. 956853. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2022.956853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2022.956853
Torrens, Jonas; von Wirth, Timo (2021): Experimentation or projectification of urban change? A critical appraisal and three steps forward. In: Urban Transformations 3 (1), p. 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42854-021-00025-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42854-021-00025-1
Verlinghieri, Ersilia; Vitale Brovarone, Elisabetta; Staricco, Luca (2023): The conflictual governance of street experiments, between austerity and post-politics. In: Urban Studies 61 (5), pp. 878-899. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231193860 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231193860
Voß, Jan-Peter; Smith, Adrian; Grin, John (2009): Designing long-term policy. Rethinking transition management. In: Policy Sciences 42 (4), pp. 275–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-009-9103-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-009-9103-5
Wentland, Alexander; Jung, Manuel (2021): Der asynchrone Weg zur urbanen Mobilitätswende. Zeitlichkeit und verantwortungsvolle Intervention in öffentlichen Räumen. In: TATuP - Journal for Technology Assessment in Theory and Practice 30 (1), pp. 23–28. https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.30.1.23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.30.1.23
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Franziska X. Meinherz

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

